Removal of a tooth that is badly damaged, infected or in the way of other treatment.
What it involves
A tooth may be extracted if it cannot be restored, if infection has spread, if gum disease has loosened it, or to make room for orthodontic work. Extraction can be simple, when the tooth is visible and loose enough to lift out, or surgical.
Who it suits
A dentist usually tries to save a tooth first and recommends extraction when other options are not viable. Medical conditions and medications such as blood thinners affect how extractions are planned.
How it usually works
Local anaesthetic numbs the area. The tooth is loosened and removed, sometimes in sections. The dentist may place a graft or suture and gives instructions on care. A gap can be filled later with an implant, bridge or denture.
Risks and things to consider
Bleeding, swelling and soreness are expected for a few days. A dry socket, where the blood clot is lost, is painful and needs treatment. Infection and, rarely, nerve injury or a sinus opening can occur after upper or lower back-tooth extractions.
Questions to ask before you decide
Is extraction really the only option? What should I do about the gap afterwards, and how soon? What are the instructions if bleeding or pain does not settle?
General information, not medical advice. A dentist decides what suits you after examining you.